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A Sand County Almanac...
There are some of us who can live without wild things,
and some of us who cannot.
Like winds and sunsets, wild things were taken for granted
until progress began to do away with them. Now we
face the question whether a still higher "standard
of living" is worth its cost in things natural, wild,
and free.
For us in the minority, the opportunity to see geese
is more important than
television, and the chance to find a pasque-flower is
a right as inalienable as free speech.
These wild things, I admit, had little human value until
mechanization assured us of a good breakfast, and until
science disclosed the drama of where they come from and
how they live. The whole conflict thus boils down
to a question of degree. We of the minority see
a law of diminishing returns in progress; our opponents
do not.
We abuse land because we regard it as a commodity belonging
to us. When we see land as a community to which
we belong, we may begin to use it with love and respect.
There is no other way for land to survive the impact of
mechanized man, nor fur us to reap from it the esthetic
harvest it is capable, under science, of contributing
to culture.
That land is a community is a basic concept of ecology,
but that land is to be loved and respected is an extension
of ethics. That land yields a cultural harvest is
a fact long known, but latterly often forgotten.
Such a view of land and people is, of course, subject
to the blurs and distortions of personal experience and
personal bias. But wherever the truth may lie, this much
is crystal-clear: our bigger-and-better society
is now like a hypochondriac, so
obsessed with its own economic health as to have lost
the capacity to remain healthy.
The whole world is so greedy for more bathtubs that it
has lost the stability necessary to build them, or even
to turn off the tap. Nothing could be more salutary at
this stage than a little healthy contempt for the plethora
of material blessings.
Perhaps such a shift in values can be achieved by reappraising
things unnatural, tame, and confined in terms of things
natural, wild, and free.
Wilderness is a resource that can shrink but cannot grow.
Invasions can be arrested or modified in a manner to keep
an area usable either for recreation, science, or for
wildlife, but the creation of new wilderness in the full
sense of the word is impossible.
Ability to see the cultural value of wilderness boils
down, in the last analysis, to a question of intellectual
humility. The shallow-minded modern who has lost
his rootage in the land assumes that he has already discovered
what is important; it is such who talk of empires,
political or economic, that will last a thousand years.
It is only the scholar who understands why the raw wilderness
gives definition and meaning to the human enterprise.
Aldo Leopold, 1948
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